Vairy en pointe Or and azure, a point pointed argent.

The submitter will NOT accept MAJOR changes and cares about the sound (Ah-till-ee-o Sal-va-tor-ay) of the name.

Attillio is a Italian masculine given name based on the attested form Attilio and the literary forms Atillio and Attillio. The submitted spelling is found as a historical name in a 1607 Venetian edition of Publius Cornelius Tacitus, Gli Annali di Cornelio Tacito caualier romano de' fatti, e guerre de' Romani [https://books.google.com/books?id=5--qT7V8hKECandpg=PA525anddq=attillio]. The common attested form, Attilio, is found in "Italian Names from the Online Tratte of Office Holders 1282-1532" by Aryanhwy merch Catmael [http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/italian/tratte/] with nine examples of this spelling. The spelling Atillio is found as a literary name in Fazio degli Uberti, Opera chiamato, published in Venice in 1501 [https://books.google.com/books?id=9bVdAAAAcAAJandpg=PP84anddq=atillio]. Attillio should be a reasonable late-period Venetian form.

Salvatore is an Italian surname found in multiple locations first in "15th Century Names from the Veneto Region" by Maridonna Benvenuti [https://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/drafts/veneto.html]. It is also found as a given name in "Names from 15th and 16th Century Pisa" by Juliana de Luna [https://heraldry.sca.org/kwhss/2014/Juliana_de_Luna/Names_from_15th_and_16th_Century_Pisa.pdf] with 118 examples dated from 1463-1556.

The Italian name formation <given + byname> and unmarked patronyms can be found in SENA Appendix A.

Armory:
Purpure, an owl per bend Or and vert maintaining a dagger palewise proper.

The submitter will NOT accept MAJOR changes and cares about the gender (male) of the name.

Chase - Submitter's legal given name, witnessed by Giovanni Vert Hawk and Beatrice Green Staff using his birth certificate.

Kittuson - constructed Old Norse Matronymic surname based on Kitta, a shortened form of the name Kristín. CV pp. xxxiv s.v. "Pet Names", retrieved from the Viking Answer Lady. [http://vikinganswerlady.com/ONWomensNames.shtml]. Constructed per the guidelines found in Gunnvör sílfrahárr's "Old Norse Names" page under the heading Surnames: Patronymics and Matronymics [http://www.vikinganswerlady.com/ONNames.shtml]. By precedent, Kitta is registerable as a given name using the benefit of the doubt [Kitta Ormarsdottir, 02/2016, A-Ansteorra].

Per the February 2016 LoAR sn. Kitta Ormarsdottir. [https://heraldry.sca.org/loar/2016/02/16-02lar.html#102]

"Commenters questioned if Kitta is a modern form, as it does not appear to be attested. This name is identified as a diminutive form of Kristin in Cleasby-Vigfusson's section "Pet Names", but is not clearly dated to period. This source states, "many of the old names with weak declension in -i and -a were probably originally pet names". After the Pelican decision meeting, Orle noted: [Cleasby-Vigfusson] cites examples dated examples [sic] of this pattern, such as 8th c. <Boddi>, derived from names in <Bǫð->, or 10th c. <Daði> from <Davíð>, in 994 <Erli> for <Erlingr>, etc. Given this pattern, and that many of the examples from this section of Cleasby-Vigfusson are attested, we are giving the submitter the benefit of the doubt that Kitta is a plausible diminutive form in period."

The Scandinavian language name formation <given + byname> can be found in SENA Appendix A.

Armory:
Or, a fox sejant guardant to sinister double queued proper and on a chief gules three annulets Or.

NOTE: Submitter requests the term sinister instead of contourny.

The submitter will NOT accept ANY changes, and cares about the spelling (Crystal of Hightower) and gender (female) of the name.

Crystal - interpolated spelling of a given name found as Cristal, Cristall, Cristole, Crystall, and Crystoll in Symon Freser of Lovat, "13th and 14th Century Scottish Names" [https://www.s-gabriel.org/names/symonFreser/scottish14/scottish14_given.html].

of Hightower - locative byname constructed based on documentation from the MED. High- prototheme: (1205) Fine R.King John 280: Hugo de Heland. (1296) Sub.R.Sus.in Sus.RS 10 9: Johanne atte Heghetun. (1296) Sub.R.Sus.in Sus.RS 10 16: Simon atte Heghelond. (1324) in Ewen Surnames Brit. 162: Del Heghgate. (1327) in Ewen Surnames Brit. 177: Atte heyweye. (1327) Sub.R.Stf.in WSAS 7 246: Robertus Hybones. -tower as a deuterotheme or part of a compound place name: (1379-80) in Sundby Dial.Wor. 112: Joh. atte Turhul. (c1470) Paston 1.435: A gret fowler lying in Bedfordes Towre wyth iij chambirs.

And "high towers" in a normal phrase, not an attested place name, showing the tower spelling: c1465 Hiegh towers (Cmb Gg.4.12) 1: Hiegh Towers by strong wyndes full lowe be cast When the lowe Cotages stand sure and fast.

And showing the "high" spelling (in another meaning): a1450(c1410) Lovel. Grail (Corp-C 80) 15.566: Ȝoure devocions doth therto..With high Contricioun. a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11) 460: Merlin..badde hem departe the turnement, for it was high tyme. c1450(c1380) Chaucer HF (Benson-Robinson) 1649: Such a smoke gan out wende Out of his foule trumpes ende..As doth where that men melteled, Loo, al on high fro the tuel.

The English language name formation <given + byname> can be found in SENA Appendix A.

Armory:
Per fess azure and Or, a tower Or and a hawk gules.

From VHP: Submitter really wants it to be a red-tailed hawk, so hawk features are called for. Please and thank you.

The submitter marked no boxes.

Everard is a male given name found as a header spelling in Withycombe and stated to be fairly common in the 12th and 13th century in England. It's also found as an apparent unmarked patronym in Reaney and Wilson, s.n. Everard, dated 1204.

- Everard also shows up in multiple online sources for 13th century England such as NCS Masculine Given Names Found in the 1296 Lay Subsidy Rolls for Rutland by Karen Larsdotter (Karen Harris) [http://heraldry.sca.org/names/Rutland/given-masc-freq.htm]. There is a 16th century French example spelled <Evrard> but since French and English are permitted to mix in this period per SENA, there is no need to change the spelling to a later French one rather than use the submitted spelling which keeps all elements in the 13th century.

d' The elided form of 'de' before a vowel is found in the name 'Felippe d'Arras', among others, in "An Index to the Given Names in the 1292 Census of Paris" by Lord Colm Dubh (Scott Catledge), [http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paris.html].

The English language name formation <given + byname> can be found in Sena Appendix A. Per SENA Appendix C, English and French are compatible languages.

Armory:
Per chevron embattled azure and sable, three roses counterchanged Or and argent.

Foxrun Manor

The submitter will NOT accept MAJOR changes, and cares about the sound (fox (the animal) + run) of the name.

Foxrun Manor is a manor name based on a constructed Early Modern English place name. This compound place name follows the pattern of family name + generic toponym. Examples of this pattern include Culling Deepe (1584), Fygmershe (c.1530), and Gallion Reache (1588). See Juliana de Luna, "Compound Placenames in English" [http://medievalscotland.org/jes/EnglishCompoundPlacenames/].

All elements are dated to the 16th-early 17th centuries.

Fox is an English surname found in Hitching and Hitching (1601-2).

- 'Fox's is an English surname found in Hitching and Hitching (1601-2). p. xlv. Also Reaney & Wilson, p. 176, Hugo le Fox, 1297.

- 'fox' is also a prototheme in English toponyms (Watts, s.nn. Foxearth, Foxham, Foxup). See attached.

run is an Early Modern English spelling of a toponym meaning (among other meanings) 'a small stream, brook, rivulet, channel, overflow'. The submitted spelling run is dated c.1605, and the spelling ryn is dated 1581 and 1643 (OED, s.v. run).

Bracketing examples of similar toponyms, including those used as deuterothemes, include -burn 'stream', -bro(o)k ('brook'), -gate/-gout ('stream, channel'), and -beck(e) ('stream') (Watts, s.nn. Shirburn, Four Gotes, Maplebeck, Holbrook). See attached.

Examples of [substantive element] + 'manor' (mostly place names) include Friarn Manor (1593, Mills London, s.n. Fryent Fields and Way), Woodstock Mannor (1646, [1]), and Sutton Mannor (1612, [2]).

[1] 'House of Lords Journal Volume 8: 2 May 1646', in Journal of the House of Lords: Volume 8, 1645-1647 (London, 1767-1830), pp. 291-293. [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/lords-jrnl/vol8/pp291-293]

[2] 'Illustrative Documents: Seventeenth-century documents relating to statutes of Warham, Colet and Wolsey', in Registrum Statutorum et Consuetudinum Ecclesiae Cathedralis Sancti Pauli Londiniensis, ed. W Sparrow Simpson (London, 1873), pp. 416-419. British History Online [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/no-series/st-pauls-register/pp416-419]

The submitter requested authenticity for the time period: 10th-15th century and will NOT allow the creation of a holding name.

The submitter will NOT accept MAJOR changes and cares about the language and/or culture (Halfrid preferred, Hallfrid acceptable) and gender (female) of the name.

Halfrid is a Swedish feminine given name derived from the Old Norse Hallfríðr (see Lind Dopnamn, s.n. Hallfríðr and SMP, s.n. "Hallfred").

The genitive Halfreds- is found in SMP, dated 1507.

Additional instances of the Hal- spelling of this theme from the early 15th C are found in the name Halsten (1408) and the genitives Halwardz (1408) and Halmodzs (1413), found in SMP, s.nn. Halsten, Halvardh, and Halmodh.

The preferred spelling of the deuterotheme, -frid, is found in other feminine given names in Diplomatarium Suecanum [https://riksarkivet.se/diplomatarium-suecanum] dated between 1294 and 1408: Holfrid, Ramfrid, and Ingifrid.

Therefore, the submitted interpolated spelling is plausible for the early 15th C.

Mikkel is a Swedish masculine given name found in SMP, s.n. Amund, dated 1418.

The genitive sancte Mikkels ('Saint Michael's') is found in Diplomatarium Suecanum, SDHK No: 17682, dated 1411.

According to SENA App A, Swedish patronyms can take the particle -dottir, giving us the submitter's preferred Mikkelsdottir. An early 15th C example is the name Cecilia Petharsdottir, dated 1412 in SMP, s.n. Cecilia. See attached documentation.

The Scandinavian language name formation <given + byname> can be found in SENA Appendix A.

Armory:
Azure, a sheep couchant and on a chief argent three estoiles azure.

Sable, a bordure embattled argent masoned sable.

The submitter cares about the meaning (rabbit) and the does not care about the gender of the name.

Jessica is the submitter's legal given name from her California Drivers License as witnessed by Juliana Siren and Lillia Crampette. The rest of her name does not resemble Coney.

Coney from familysearch Henry Coney, 30 Jul 1562, Farnworth, Lancashire, England Batch # P00573-1 [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:NYB6-4PR].

Agnes Coney, 27 Sep 1563, Saint Peter, Saint Albans, Hertford, England Batch # C07286-1 [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:J9Q1-ZT5].

John Coney, 3 Oct 1585, Newport Pagnell, Buckinghamshire, England, Batch # P01522-1 [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:NPR2-TM4].

Coney: also found as header in Reaney & Wilson, p. 107, Richard le Cony 1296, Robert Cony 1327, Thomas Cony 1323. Submitter's spelling is undated header, in R&W, but the Family Search records cover that.

The English language name formation <given + byname> can be found in SENA Appendix A.

Armory:
Gyronny Or and gules, two rabbits salient respectant and in chief a needle fesswise argent.

The submitter will NOT accept MAJOR changes and cares about the spelling (prefers Kitta spelling) and gender (female) of the name.

Kitta - Shortened form of the name Kristín. CV pp. xxxiv s.v. "Pet Names", retrieved from the Viking Answer Lady [http://vikinganswerlady.com/ONWomensNames.shtml].

Per the February 2016 LoAR sn. Kitta Ormarsdottir. [https://heraldry.sca.org/loar/2016/02/16-02lar.html#102]

"Commenters questioned if Kitta is a modern form, as it does not appear to be attested. This name is identified as a diminutive form of Kristin in Cleasby-Vigfusson's section "Pet Names", but is not clearly dated to period. This source states, "many of the old names with weak declension in -i and -a were probably originally pet names". After the Pelican decision meeting, Orle noted: [Cleasby-Vigfusson] cites examples dated examples [sic] of this pattern, such as 8th c. <Boddi>, derived from names in <Bǫð->, or 10th c. <Daði> from <Davíð>, in 994 <Erli> for <Erlingr>, etc. Given this pattern, and that many of the examples from this section of Cleasby-Vigfusson are attested, we are giving the submitter the benefit of the doubt that Kitta is a plausible diminutive form in period."

Refr - Old Norse byname meaning "fox" listed in Viking Bynames found in the Landnámabók by Aryanhwy merch Catmael [http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/norse/vikbynames.html].

The Scandinavian name formation <given + byname> is found in SENA Appendix A.

Armory:
Argent, a fox sejant guardant to sinister azure marked argent between in chief a triquetra inverted vert and a triquetra inverted azure, on a base vert a triquetra inverted argent.

NOTE: Submitter requests the term sinister instead of contourny.

The submitter will NOT accept MAJOR changes and cares about the language and/or culture (Mongolian, also spelling/sound) of the name, but has no desired gender for the name.

Kota - alternate transliteration of female Mongolian given name. Cota (sourcing William of Rubruck) on [https://heraldry.sca.org/names/mongolian_names_marta.html].

From William of Rubruck's Journals - "Then we went to the ordu of the second lady, who is called Cota [=Qotai]," [https://depts.washington.edu/silkroad/texts/rubruck.html].

From "Mongolian Naming Practices" - [https://heraldry.sca.org/names/mongolian_names_marta.html]

"There is no standard method for transliterating Mongolian into English... a few Kh- initial names are listed with a Q- initial spelling to demonstrate the variation in spelling..." The pronunciation guide in the above article says: "q as ch in German noch (k as in kitchen is reasonable)"

From [http://silverhorde.viahistoria.com/main.html?research/ResearchingMongolNames.html] *

"A common thread though this section is the inconsistency of transliteration methods... For example, the letters `K', `Kh', `H', `Q' or `X' can all be used to represent the same letter in Mongol, which is the initial consonant in "Khan"... "

Saran = moon (=Mond in German), pg 248 on [https://altaica.ru/LIBRARY/mong/Kara_Dictionary%20of%20Sonom%20Gara's%20Erdeni-yin%20Sang%202009.pdf] March 2013 precedent: Suuder Saran.

"...Saran "moon" on the other hand does follow a pattern of the use of the names of heavenly bodies in period Mongol names and is registerable." [https://heraldry.sca.org/loar/2013/03/13-03lar.html#139]

SENA Appendix A documents combination of given name + descriptive byname.

Armory:
Per bend purpure and pean, a pile throughout issuant from sinister base argent and in sinister chief a sun Or eclipsed sable.

The submitter cares about the sound (Leena) and gender (female) of the name.

Lena is an Early New High German feminine name dated to 1408 Germany in the DMNES s.n. Lena [http://dmnes.org/cite/Lena/1408/UrkJen2].

- also in Socin, p. 59, Lena Bäurin, c1270; Lena Basel, 1272; Lena Gemahlin, 1294.

of Eskalya: Name phrases may be created from the registered forms of SCA branches (SENA PN1.B.2.f). The branch name "Barony of Eskalya" was registered in August 1979 via West.

Armory:
Per chevron argent and purpure, two ravens addorsed regardant within a bordure sable.

Miyake Kojirou Yasumori

The submitter will NOT accept MAJOR changes and cares about the language and/or culture (male member of the Japanese Military Class) and gender (male) of the name.

Miyake originated as an uji name see NCMJ Rev Ed pg. 394

- However, by the 16th C, there were members of the buke class who bore Miyake as a family name. e.g. Miyake Kosaburou Tsugunaga (ca 1541) found in Takeshi, Abe and Keiko, Nishimura (1990), Sengoku Jinmei Jiten Concise hen, Shinjin Oraisha, ISBN 4-404-01752-9, p. 753 (one of the sources for NCMJ, copies not available at this time).

Kojirou 'small second son' (1568) - yobina found in NCMJ Rev Ed pg. 212.

Yasumori (1183-1600) - nanori found in NCMJ Rev Ed pg. 304.

Male member of the Japanese buke class - Basic Pattern <family name><common name><nanori>.

Note from consulting herald: Miyake Kojirou Yasumori is the mundane daughter of Miyake Nobuhiro "Sable, five lozenges, points to center, and a bordure argent." 1985 (via the West).

Armory:
Argent, five lozenges, points to center sable.

The submitter cares about the sound (MONG-find) and the gender (female) of the name.

Mongfind - O Corrain and Maguire, Irish Names, say that Mongfind is an early name used by both men and women, the former in "very early pedigrees," the latter as the mother of a saint and another legendary woman.

The masculine Mongan (from the same root word) is in Mari Elspeth nic Bryan (Kathleen M. O'Brien) "Index of Names in Irish Annals" dated to dates between 616 and 1108 including a 916 citation of it as a given name. [http://medievalscotland.org/kmo/AnnalsIndex/]

Colin - her father's SCA name is Colin MacLear. Please find attached a Letter Documenting Legal Relationship for the Existing Registration Allowance, to use <Colin> as a patronymic.

The combination filia X, where X is in the vernacular, is not uncommon in English and Gaelic contexts. This element is neutral in time and place.

Client would like the Pictish name <Mongfind filia Colin>.

(Understands "MONG-in" is another likely pronunciation, especially in Irish, but prefers spellings where "MONG-find" would be a possible Pictish pronunciation).

Armory:
(Fieldless) A wheel purpure charged on the hub with a plate.

Note: the West College thought the plate looks like just another voided area of the wheel: the axle-hub. However, it was pointed out that this would be much less likely an interpretation if the ‘fieldless’ background were any other tincture than argent.

Administrative Item, No Fee

Sunnifa in hialtlenzka Tókadóttir

I, [redacted], know in the SCA as Ommadan inigena Ru, hereby release my registered alternate name "Sunnifa in hialtlenzka Tókadóttir". I understand that release of registration is permanent.

Form provided, dated 2/2/2021

The submitter cares about the meaning (last meeting) and gender (female) of the name.

The submitter will NOT allow the creation of a holding name.

Riffka Beider, s.n. Rifke: Germany - written in Hebrew - 1096, 1298, 1571-1798 Germany - written in German - Riffka (1392); Rofka (1391); Ryfka, Ryfke, Rifeca, Rifeke, Ryffeka, Riffika, Ryfeke, Refake (before 1399); Rifca (1411); Rivka (1625-1801, German transcription from Hebrew); Riefge (1555).

under dem Fuße German by-name meaning "under the foot" created by construct "unter dem Fuße" as a house/sign name Brechenmacher SN Fuß: 1325 eine domus dicta zum Fuß e Socin, p389 SN Salzkasten: 1257 Johannes de Muilnhusen under dem Salzkasten Same page SN Rueste 1240 Peter under dem Ruost to support the creation of: under dem Fuße - Riffka under dem Fuße

Aelfyn helped with the German construction. Please see the attached photocopies of the Beider in the docs.

The German name formation <given + byname> is found in SENA Appendix A.

Armory:
Per bend rayonny argent and gules, a crow rising sable maintaining in its talons a wooden spoon proper and a rabbit rampant contourny maintaining a needle inverted argent.

The needle on the original submission was VERY narrow, and was not picked up at all by OSCAR. A change was suggested, and approved by the submitter, with a larger needle.

The submitter will NOT accept MAJOR changes, and cares about the spelling (prefers Rune over Rúni) and gender (male) of the name.

Rune - found in Gunnvör sílfrahárr's "Old Norse Men's Names" page [http://vikinganswerlady.com/ONMensNames.shtml] under the heading Rúni -

Found in Old Danish as Runi, in Old Swedish as Rune, and in OW.Norse as Rúni. Short form of masculine names in Rún-.

Runic examples include the nominative case forms runi, [runi], the genitive case form runo and the accusative case forms ruah, runo. NR s.n. Rúni

Hrafnsson - is an Old Norse patronymic byname formed from the male given name Hrafn, which appears on p. 11 of Geirr Bassi's The Old Norse Name. There are 17 instances of the name in the Landnámabók, dated to 9th century [http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/norse/landnamabok.html]. The byname is formed following the rules stated on page 17 of Geirr Bassi.

The Scandinavian name formation <given + patronymic> is found in SENA Appendix A.

Armory:
Argent, on a pile inverted gules between two ravens rising addorsed sable, an eye argent irised azure.

The West considers this to be a pile, rather than a per-chevron field. It was conflict checked both ways. The only conflict noted was as a per-chevron field:

Erik de Tyr, device registered Sept. 2017 (via Calontir): Per chevron argent and gules, two ravens rising addorsed sable and a wolf rampant argent.

The submitter cares about the spelling (none noted) and gender (male) of the name.

Sigurd: Sigurd bonda Asgauz son, dated 1309, Diplomatarium Norvegicum [https://www.dokpro.uio.no/perl/middelalder/diplom_vise_tekst.prl?b=125ands=n].

The submitter's URL no longer reaches a web page, but a print-out is included in the attachments. The Diplomatarium Norvegicum website is [https://www.dokpro.uio.no/dipl_norv/om_dn.html]. There is a search engine at [https://www.dokpro.uio.no/dipl_norv/diplom_felt.html]. It is in Norwegian.

“Sigurd bonda Asgauz son", dated 1309 in Diplomatarium Norvegicum. [https://onp.ku.dk/onp/onp.php?r4875] see entry "eignarskifti" for context prose.

The online copy of the book "Diplomatarium Norvegicum. Oldbreve til Kundskab om Norges indre og ..., Volume 1" at [https://books.google.com/books?id=qUdjAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA112&lpg=PA112&dq=Diplomatarium+Norvegicum+Sigurd +bonda+Asgauz+son&source=bl&ots=o4-Vbxyvcs&sig=ACfU3U3J2bYhlcv9CJUnxXGLTwYxpBbC2w&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2a hUKEwj5nPrs14PwAhVROKwKHWEZCc0Q6AEwAnoECAIQAw#v=onepage&q=Diplomatarium%20Norvegicum%20Sigurd%20bon da%20Asgauz%20son&f=false] has Sigurd Asgautssön Bonde

Bassi, p. 14, lists Sigurdr.

of Eskalya: byname formation "of <registered SCA placename> is allowed per the Branch Name Allowance, PN.1.B.2.f. Barony of Eskalya, registered Aug. 1979.

Armory:
Argent, on a bend sinister gules cotised between two sinister hands sable a spear argent.

The submitter marked no boxes.

Unna is a Norse feminine given name (also found as Una) in Nordiskt Runnamnslexikon, p. 242.

of Eskalya - byname formation "of <registered SCA placename>" is allowed per the Branch Name Allowance,PN.1.B.2.f. Barony of Eskalya, registered Aug. 1979

Armory:
Per chevron sable and Or, three lynxes rampant those in chief combatant counterchanged.

This is a free resub per the West. Originally submitted in September 2017 via the West with the name William Van Prahl, both the name and device were returned for further work. These new submissions address all the concerns from those returns.

The submitter marked no boxes.

Willium (Willivm) is found as a given name spelling in _Forresta de Windsor, in Com. Surrey. The meers ... and bounds of the Forrest of Windsor ... as the same are found, set out ... and bounded by inquisition. Taken by vertue of His Majesties Commission in pursuance of one Act ... intituled, An Act for the certainty of Forrests, etc. [14 Sept. 1641.] [https://www.google.com/books/edition/Forresta_de_Windsor_in_Com_Surrey_The_me/3fJmAAAAcAAJ].

The submitter will accept William if Willium cannot be documented.

Jordanus is a German Latin given name dated from 1238 to 1259 found in DMNES by Aryanhwy merch Catmael [http://dmnes.org/name/Jordan].

Also found in FamilySearch records dated to 1627 Jordanus Schlosmecher christening 20 Aug 1627 Klein Gladbach, Erkelenz, Rhein, Preußen, Deutschland C96741-1 [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:NNR1-GRM].

The Family Search record is necessary to document <Jordanus> as a late-period name for purposes of borrowing <Willium> into German. Willium: Forresta de Windsor, p. 13. Willivm Kirkham. This name is spelled with the "v" = "u". All of the other Williams [and there are several] mentioned in this document are spelled <William>.

The cover letter for the February 2015 LoAR states:

"…we will allow the borrowing of given names from German into English and vice versa, in the context of the 16th and early 17th centuries. An English given name that is borrowed from German is considered to be English under Appendix C, and a German given name that is borrowed from English is considered to be German."

Prael is a German surname found in Brechenmacher header Prahl(er) (pg 197 in the B section) dated to 1530 "druckt zu Köln Hans Prael" The borrowing of English given names into German in the sixteenth century is allowed in a ruling on the 2/15 Cover Letter.

The German language name formation <double given + byname> is found in SENA Appendix A. The English name <Willium> is borrowed into German and is considered in this context to be German.

Note: <Willivm> or <Willium> on page 13 of the gray period source supplied: "By the oath of...Richard Mountain of Egham Gent. Willivm Kirkham of the same..." Skimming, the context seems to be regarding events in the twentieth year of King James which would put it in or around 1623 even though the publication is a couple of decades later. The letter does appear to be a "v", though if you search the full text, they have put it in as a "u".

Armory:
Vert, a bear statant erect argent charged on the shoulder with a cross of Jerusalem with its center cross a cross couped sable surmounting and sustaining on its shoulder a log fesswise Or.

The West noted that the cross as submitted was very small and finely drawn. The submitter was provided with a new image to review, showing the cross more prominently, which was approved.

Per fess trefly azure and vert, a vixen courant argent and a quince inverted slipped and leaved Or.

From VHP: Submitter requests the beast to be a vixen, not a fox, please. She is also adamant that the fruit is a quince and not a pear. I have already worked on (hopefully) ensuring that the fruit looks like a quince rather than a pear.

The West notes that we found no example of a field division of trefly, only ‘trefly counter-trefly’.

Die Gesellschaft zum weisen Edelwiss

No major changes.

This household name is based on Germanic naming patterns that say "house of color + heraldic charge" is fine, per Alys Mackyntoich's Simple Guide to Household Names [https://alysprojects.blogspot.com/2016/10/alyss-simple-guide-to-household-names.html].

The designator "Company" is requested. In German, the word is Gesellschaft in the years 1500-1503. [https://digital.idiotikon.ch/idtkn/id7.htm#!page/70731/mode/1up]

Swiss mercenary companies existed in the later middle ages, and fought in several key battles. [https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_History_of_Switzerland_for_the_Swiss/nogBAAAAYAAJ?hl=enandgbpv=1anddq=swiss+mercenariesandpg=PA150andprintsec=frontcover]

Edelwiss is the period German word for the Edelweiss, which is a heraldic charge. See attached.

Weisen is the adjectival German word for the blazonable color argent in period German. From Siebmacher - "A red shield, the key white". V. Rotwitz, Siebmacher 67. See attached.

We believe that the construction using the German for "Company of the Argent Edelweiss" is correct for 1500s German-speaking Switzerland.

Note: ÆLfyn æt þæm geate helped with this consultation. The German dictionaries consulted were from their list of sources.

Armory:
Device:
Argent, a key palewise wards to chief gules, on a chief sable four edelweiss proper.

Note: prefers wards facing sinister.

Badge:
Vert, a cross argent rayonnant Or.

The West notes that we are not certain how to conflict check this badge. This may possibly be in conflict with King Arthur: Vert, a cross argent and in canton the Virgin holding the Child Or or possibly Wilhelm de Tournai: Vert, a cross formy throughout argent, cotissed Or.

The West further notes that we did not find this offensive, but it could possibly be interpreted as a flaming cross, which could potentially be considered highly offensive.

Azure, a sea-mew volant wings addorsed argent.

This submission is to be associated with Ástríðr Þórudóttir.

This badge is returned for multiple conflicts, including:
Christall Gordon’s Azure, a dove volant wings elevated and addorsed argent sustaining in its beak a ladle palewise Or.
and Arianwen ferch Lawen’s Azure, a swallow volant within a bordure embattled argent.

There is one DC for the secondary charge. Both doves and sea-mews are regular-shaped birds. ‘Addorsed’ does not qualify for a Difference from ‘elevated and addorsed’.

Note for possible resubmission: the image used for the sea-mew is in trian-aspect (or 3/4 profile that depicts depth in the image, rather than a flat-side-view or head-on-view). Trian aspect is not allowed under the current rules of the SCA College of Arms. For resubmission, please use an image that is clearly a side-view. Examples of ‘volant wings addorsed’ birds that have been accepted can be provided on request. All show a side-view of the bird with the wings lifted up above the back and the body in a horizontal position with the head facing one direction and the tail the other.

Sable, a scythe bendwise sinister reversed entwined of a chain attached to its base within a hexagon of bamboo staves Or.

Old Item: Per pale azure and gules, a pale per fess Or and argent, overall a sword fesswise proper, to be retained as a badge.

The charge in the middle of this device is a depiction of a specific Japanese weapon. Registration of this device would be the first registration of this weapon, commonly modernly called a kusarigama, and as such requires documentation of the charge to SCA period.

No documentation was included with the submission, and the West College was unable to provide documentation by the meeting. This submission is therefore returned for further work: period documentation of the kusarigama. Please see the Rules of the SCA College of Arms or request assistance from heralds to ensure documentation meets the requirements prior to resubmission.

The closest to documentation that was found is: this link is to an auction for an item which purports to be a kusarigama from 1514. The West College does not know if this site is sufficient evidence to address the provenance of the item in question. [https://mandarinmansion.com/item/japanese-kusarigama]

The West College does note that there are no conflicts for this submission at this time.

Under the brand new Precedent (Feb. 2021 LoAR), the use of non-European elements (bamboo and kusarigama in this submission) would no longer be Steps From Core Practice (SFCPs) and would not need to be noted or restricted in their use to only one per armorial design. Based on the LoAR, it is expected that this submission would be pended until the new rules are written and approved:

“While these changes are under discussion, we will pend armory that would normally be returned for having two or more steps from core practice.”